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| Hardware | |
| | Processors provide the intelligence behind IoT systems and are often integrated into system-on-a-chip designs. |
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| | Hardware that enables dual directional communication for data collection and control message delivery. Examples include cellular, Ethernet, and Wi-Fi. |
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| | Sensors transform energy into electrical data; they are the eyes and ears of IoT. Actuators transform electrical data into energy; they are the muscle of IoT. |
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| | IoT power supplies include traditional, thin-film and printed batteries, energy harvesting modules, flexible photovoltaic panels and thermoelectric sources. |
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| | Technologies that enable legacy devices and other systems to connect to the IoT. They integrate technologies and protocols for networking. |
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| | Products used by end users that contain IoT technologies. Examples include enabled equipment, wearables, hand-held scanners, and tracking devices. |
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| Software | |
| | Horizontal applications are standardized (e.g., asset tracking). Vertical applications are tailored to specific needs (e.g., delivery fleet management). |
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| Services | |
| | System integrators link IoT component subsystems, customize solutions, and ensure that IoT systems communicate with existing operational systems. |
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| | IoT data management consultancies help to make sense of big data, decide which data to maintain and for how long, and troubleshoot IT issues. |
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